Excel

A graph is a diagram or visual representation that exhibits the relationship between two sets of data. Graphs are useful to display complex information in a simple and easy way so we can analyze the data plotted. (Farlex, 2010)
 * Types of Graphs**

There are four different types of graphs you can use when using Excel. Each one serves for a different purpose, but they all illustrate data. Below you will see the characteristics of each type of graph or chart, its advantages and disadvantages, along with an example for each attached:

1. Column Chart Also known as bar graph. They are most commonly used to display data. Colum charts are useful to compare frequencies or values across categories. An advantage of this type of graph is that it is very easy to see differences between the different groups you divide the data into and compare the amount of information that fits into each group, therefore comparing data. (French, 2010)





2. Line Chart Line charts or graphs are used to present changes over time. They have a vertical and a horizontal axis. They are used to easily predict future outcomes like stock market prices and the change throughout the years, or temperature changes. (French, 2010)





3. Scatter Plot Chart Also known as XY chart. Scatter plots are often confused with line graphs, but in contrast to line charts scatter plots are used to compare pairs of values or relationships between two variables. They are also used to show patterns in data and plot equations. They have a line connecting points; this is the best fit line showing the relationship between the variables. This trend can either be positive or negative as well. (French, 2010)





4. Pie Chart Also known as circle graphs. Pie charts are used to show how a part or one value contributes to a whole. They show percentages. This type of chart is useful to analyze situations such as a company’s profits each month out of annual profits. (French, 2010)





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** Use of features: sort, filter (and, or, wildcards * ?), pivot table **

**v** **One function is SORT:**
With the sort option we are able to organize lists, you can organize number from least to greatest or the other way, and you can also organize lists in alphabetical, depending on how you want your list. Below there is an examples of students height, in the table below we have a table of the heights of the students but it is really disorganized, and in then the right we organized the heights from least to greatest, and we have them in order.

====This option is really helpful when we are using lists and we want to show just certain parts of it. We can chose to show values with specifications like greater than, less than, greater than or equal to, less then or equal to, between, etc. There are also special commands using the filer option, when you go to number filter we have options like OR, AND,?,*.====

** OR -** you get both values that have that requirement (>5 or <3).
====There is a video showing the different ways you can use ?, *, AND,OR with one same table. This option is really helpful when you want to have specifications of the same list, like in this grocery store list, we find the different items and prices, we are able to get specification of items using the name and the price for each one.====

==== This is a really important table which allows as to create a more significant table, that will help us to find things easier, from a bigger table of information. You take a table full of information like addresses, names, last names, phone numbers, dates, money spent and items bought. With the help of the pivot table you can drag the information you want to create another more meaningful table that will have the information that will be helpful to you, and also makes tings much easier to find, the only thing you need to do is decide the information you want and then drag it to create you own pivot table. Below we have an example of a table showing a lot of information, some might be useful but other maybe doesn’t. Let’s say we just want a table with the customers and the final price, because the other information doesn’t work for the purpose of our table (we just want to get the meaningful information to drag and make it into a table). Then there is another table below it showing the information more organized in a pivot table, showing just the information I decided is important for my case. ====

[[image:pivot_table.png width="234" height="355"]]
If Statments In Excel you can find lots of incredible things to do to make you maths, business work, calculations in a much easier, fun and simple way. First of all we have the If Statement, which is a way to make formulas about the information you need. They are three main If statements you can use with your data and they are if statement using text, if statement using numbers, and if statement using formulas. The if stamen using number is really basic. First of all to make this type of formula, you need to do the following: · Go to you excel worksheet · Make sure you have the data you want to use · Then in one of the columns in a cell put a title you want to use for the formula · Click on the cell below the title · And in there put: =IF · After that we will input the data and orders we want the computer to do for us. · =IF(Rule, one value if TRUE, another value if FALSE) · Example: **=IF(B5>100,5%,0%)** · Click Enter · Answer is given · Pull that cell down so it can make for all your data at once, and don’t repeat this process 100 times! The second if statement is using text, it is really similar as the one before, the only difference is that instead of using numbers in your formula you put text that will appear instead: · Go to you excel worksheet · Make sure you have the data you want to use · Then in one of the columns in a cell put a title you want to use for the formula · Click on the cell below the title · And in there put: =IF · After that we will input the data and orders we want the computer to do for us. · =IF(Rule, one value if TRUE, another value if FALSE) · Example: **=IF(B5>100,”discount”,”no discount”)** · Click Enter · Answer is given · Pull that cell down so it can make for all your data at once, and don’t repeat this process 100 times!

The last one we use is the if statement with formulas and us we said before the only thing that will change in this one is that will inputting the data and orders, we will not use text or numbers, instead we will use formulas: · Go to you excel worksheet · Make sure you have the data you want to use · Then in one of the columns in a cell put a title you want to use for the formula · Click on the cell below the title · And in there put: =IF · After that we will input the data and orders we want the computer to do for us. · =IF(Rule, one value if TRUE, another value if FALSE) · Example: **=IF(B5>90,B5*5%,0)** · Click Enter · Answer is given · Pull that cell down so it can make for all your data at once, and don’t repeat this process 100 times!

Count If and Sum If Another really good and fast way to count and sum data in your excel program is to use some formulas best known as COUNT IF and SUM IF. This will solve your financial issues, and help you making all you additions for payments or whatever you need depending the case.

Count If: is a essay way to add a lot of data you have or big numbers in a simpler and fast way. 1. Put the range for want you want to count 2. Do not forget to put F4 for it to be constant (example: B2-B16 you need to put $B$2-$B$16) 3. Then input the thing you want the computer to count. 4. At last put OK and the answer you were looking for will appear
 * Go to an excel worksheet
 * Make sure you have the data you want to use
 * Go to the right side of the worksheet document and look for the part of editing
 * In editing you will find an icon called Sum (Alt+=)
 * Click in that button and drag down
 * Choose the option: More Functions and make an enter
 * There choose the option COUNTIF
 * A new window will open and you will need to input the following:

media type="file" key="Count If Stamtment Micaela.wmv" width="300" height="300".

Sum If: Is another way people use excel to help them add numbers of high or low ranges to make this additions faster and much easier. 1. Put the range for the data you want to add 2. Do not forget to put F4 for it to be constant (example: B2-B16 you need to put $B$2-$B$16) 3. Then choose what specific data you want to sum in the space that says Criteria (choose just 1 cell) 4. Then input the Sum Range that will be all the numbers of data you want to be added 5. Do not forget to put F4 for it to be constant (example: B2-B16 you need to put $B$2-$B$16) 6. At last put OK and all the once you asked the computer to add will appear added. media type="file" key="Sum If Statement .wmv" width="300" height="300"
 * Go to an excel worksheet
 * Make sure you have the data you want to use
 * Go to the right side of the worksheet document and look for the part of editing
 * In editing you will find an icon called Sum (Alt+=)
 * Click in that button and drag down
 * Choose the option: More Functions and make an enter
 * There choose the option SUMIF
 * A new window will open and you will need to input the following:


 * **Simple operations (multiplication, division, use of exponents)**

Simple operations: In order to make simple operations in excel we always have to create and apply a formula. To create a formula you have to start with an equal sign (the equal sign goes in where you want the answer to appear.) You can apply the formula directly to the cell but it will be better if we use a cell reference, (you can edit your formula in the formula bar). This will be useful because if any components or variables in the formula change then the results of the document will get updated instantly. (French, 2010)

Cell: In spreadsheet programs like Excel, the rectangular individual boxes are cells. The cell is the intersection point of a [|column] and a [|row]. (French, 2010) Exponent: a symbol or number placed after and above other symbol or number that expresses the power to which the number is raised for example: 2, a is raisedto the power of eight = 2*2*2*2*2*2*2*2. (Dictionary.com, 2010) Cell reference: identifies the location a [|cell] or group of cells in the spreadsheet. (French, 2010) Formula: A mathematical equation used to calculate a value or values. (French, 2010) Formula Bar: The formula bar in Excel is located above the work area of the spreadsheet. The formula bar displays the data or formula stored in the active cell. (French, 2010) Spreadsheet: A table that is used to store different types of mostly numerical data. It is composed with [|rows] and [|columns] so the information is clear and organized, in order to analyze it easier. (French, 2010)
 * Vocabulary**


 * Signs:**

Multiplication: (*) Equal: (=) Add: (+) Subtract: (-) Division: (/) Exponents: ^

-To multiply or divide… You want to show how much the park fee will cost you in total according to the number of rides you make in a table. The entrance cost is 5$ and the cost of each ride is 3.75$. -First you insert 1 in the cell you are using, in this case B4, and in cell B5 so that you don’t have to manually numerate all the numbers from 1-15 you insert formula in B5 (=B4+1.)Then you put enter and the results will appear. Then you drag down until the number you need, this will be a more efficient method that to put the formula in all the cells. -You have to input the formula directly to the cell you want the answer to be and that will give you the cost, for example in this case we input in cell C4 the formula (=5+3,75*B4) and the answer will appear. We used multiplication, but you could use another formula applying division, like for example to get IVA. You just have to use the drop down arrow and drag down until where you need, and the result will appear automatically and it will be really efficient…
 * Examples:**

- (Video)

- To use exponents… We use exponents to make equations or formulas. Ex. y=x^2 The sign for exponent in excel is (^)

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We use F4 in excel because when we put a formula and we need to use only 1 specific cell excel will go down using other cells that we don’t need. In order to use the cell you need to put in the formula, highlight the cell in your formula and press F4. This will make your cell constant and the value won’t change; this will be an efficient and easier method.
 * **Constant Values in Excel**

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Constant value: A constant value is an actual numeric value or a specific character string whose value does not change. (Dictionary Reference, 2010) (Video)
 * Vocabulary**